Effect analysis for indirect call expressions

src/ir/effects.h

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "ir/intrinsics.h"
 #include "pass.h"
 #include "support/name.h"
+#include "support/utilities.h"
 #include "wasm-traversal.h"
 #include "wasm-type.h"
 #include "wasm.h"
@@ -670,27 +671,32 @@ class EffectAnalyzer {
       }
     }
 
+    // Handle effects due to an explicit null check on the given type.
+    // Returns true iff there is no need to consider further effects.
+    bool trapOnNull(Type type) {
+      if (type == Type::unreachable) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      assert(type.isRef());
+      if (type.isNull()) {
+        parent.trap = true;
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (type.isNullable()) {
+        parent.implicitTrap = true;
+      }
+
+      return false;
+    }
+
     // Handle effects due to an explicit null check of the operands in `exprs`.
     // Returns true iff there is no need to consider further effects.
     bool trapOnNull(std::initializer_list<Expression*> exprs) {
       for (auto* expr : exprs) {
-        if (expr && expr->type == Type::unreachable) {
+        if (expr && trapOnNull(expr->type)) {
           return true;
         }
       }
-      for (auto* expr : exprs) {
-        assert(!expr || expr->type.isRef());
-        if (expr && expr->type.isNull()) {
-          parent.trap = true;
-          return true;
-        }
-      }
-      for (auto* expr : exprs) {
-        if (expr && expr->type.isNullable()) {
-          parent.implicitTrap = true;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -716,71 +722,47 @@ class EffectAnalyzer {
     }
 
     void visitCall(Call* curr) {
-      // call.without.effects has no effects.
       if (Intrinsics(parent.module).isCallWithoutEffects(curr)) {
         return;
       }
 
-      // Get the target's effects, if they exist. Note that we must handle the
-      // case of the function not yet existing (we may be executed in the middle
-      // of a pass, which may have built up calls but not the targets of those
-      // calls; in such a case, we do not find the targets and therefore assume
-      // we know nothing about the effects, which is safe).
-      const EffectAnalyzer* targetEffects = nullptr;
-      if (auto* target = parent.module.getFunctionOrNull(curr->target)) {
-        targetEffects = target->effects.get();
+      const EffectAnalyzer* bodyEffects = nullptr;
+      if (auto* target = parent.module.getFunctionOrNull(curr->target);
+          target && target->effects) {
+        bodyEffects = target->effects.get();
       }
-
-      if (curr->isReturn) {
-        parent.branchesOut = true;
-        // When EH is enabled, any call can throw.
-        if (parent.features.hasExceptionHandling() &&
-            (!targetEffects || targetEffects->throws())) {
-          parent.hasReturnCallThrow = true;
-        }
+      addCallEffects(curr, bodyEffects);
+    }
+    void visitCallIndirect(CallIndirect* curr) {
+      auto* table = parent.module.getTable(curr->table);
+      if (trapOnNull(table->type)) {
+        return;
       }
-
-      if (targetEffects) {
-        // We have effect information for this call target, and can just use
-        // that. The one change we may want to make is to remove throws_, if the
-        // target function throws and we know that will be caught anyhow, the
-        // same as the code below for the general path. We can always filter out
-        // throws for return calls because they are already more precisely
-        // captured by `branchesOut`, which models the return, and
-        // `hasReturnCallThrow`, which models the throw that will happen after
-        // the return.
-        if (targetEffects->throws_ && (parent.tryDepth > 0 || curr->isReturn)) {
-          auto filteredEffects = *targetEffects;
-          filteredEffects.throws_ = false;
-          parent.mergeIn(filteredEffects);
-        } else {
-          // Just merge in all the effects.
-          parent.mergeIn(*targetEffects);
-        }
+      if (!Type::isSubType(Type(curr->heapType, Nullability::Nullable),
+                           table->type)) {
+        parent.trap = true;
         return;
       }
 
-      parent.calls = true;
-      // When EH is enabled, any call can throw. Skip this for return calls
-      // because the throw is already more precisely captured by the combination
-      // of `hasReturnCallThrow` and `branchesOut`.
-      if (parent.features.hasExceptionHandling() && parent.tryDepth == 0 &&
-          !curr->isReturn) {
-        parent.throws_ = true;
+      const EffectAnalyzer* bodyEffects = nullptr;
+      if (auto it = parent.module.typeEffects.find(curr->heapType);
+          it != parent.module.typeEffects.end()) {
+        bodyEffects = it->second.get();
       }
+      addCallEffects(curr, bodyEffects);
     }
-    void visitCallIndirect(CallIndirect* curr) {
-      parent.calls = true;
-      if (curr->isReturn) {
-        parent.branchesOut = true;
-        if (parent.features.hasExceptionHandling()) {
-          parent.hasReturnCallThrow = true;
-        }
+    void visitCallRef(CallRef* curr) {
+      if (trapOnNull(curr->target)) {
+        return;
       }
-      if (parent.features.hasExceptionHandling() &&
-          (parent.tryDepth == 0 && !curr->isReturn)) {
-        parent.throws_ = true;
+
+      const EffectAnalyzer* bodyEffects = nullptr;
+      if (auto it =
+            parent.module.typeEffects.find(curr->target->type.getHeapType());
+          it != parent.module.typeEffects.end()) {
+        bodyEffects = it->second.get();
       }
+      addCallEffects(curr, bodyEffects);
     }
     void visitLocalGet(LocalGet* curr) {
       parent.localsRead.insert(curr->index);
@@ -1038,22 +1020,6 @@ class EffectAnalyzer {
     void visitTupleExtract(TupleExtract* curr) {}
     void visitRefI31(RefI31* curr) {}
     void visitI31Get(I31Get* curr) { trapOnNull(curr->i31); }
-    void visitCallRef(CallRef* curr) {
-      if (trapOnNull(curr->target)) {
-        return;
-      }
-      if (curr->isReturn) {
-        parent.branchesOut = true;
-        if (parent.features.hasExceptionHandling()) {
-          parent.hasReturnCallThrow = true;
-        }
-      }
-      parent.calls = true;
-      if (parent.features.hasExceptionHandling() &&
-          (parent.tryDepth == 0 && !curr->isReturn)) {
-        parent.throws_ = true;
-      }
-    }
     void visitRefTest(RefTest* curr) {}
 
     void visitRefCast(RefCast* curr) {
@@ -1335,6 +1301,57 @@ class EffectAnalyzer {
         parent.throws_ = true;
       }
     }
+
+  private:
+    // Populate effects of the function's body that were computed from
+    // GlobalEffects. Note that calls may have other effects that aren't
+    // captured by the function body of the target (e.g. a call_ref may trap on
+    // null refs).
+    template<typename CallType>
+    void addCallEffectsFromGlobalEffects(const CallType* curr,
+                                     const EffectAnalyzer& funcEffects) {
+      if (curr->isReturn) {
+        if (funcEffects.throws()) {
+          parent.hasReturnCallThrow = true;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (funcEffects.throws_ && (parent.tryDepth > 0 || curr->isReturn)) {
+        auto filteredEffects = funcEffects;
+        filteredEffects.throws_ = false;
+        parent.mergeIn(filteredEffects);
+      } else {
+        parent.mergeIn(funcEffects);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Common effects logic for the 3 types of call: `call`, `call_indirect`,
+    // and `call_ref`.
+    template<typename CallType>
+    void
+    addCallEffects(const CallType* curr,
+                   const EffectAnalyzer* bodyEffects) {
+      if (curr->isReturn) {
+        parent.branchesOut = true;
+      }
+
+      if (bodyEffects) {
+        addCallEffectsFromGlobalEffects(curr, *bodyEffects);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      parent.calls = true;
+      // If EH is enabled and we don't have global effects information,
+      // assume that the call body may throw.
+      if (parent.features.hasExceptionHandling()) {
+        if (curr->isReturn) {
+          parent.hasReturnCallThrow = true;
+        }
+        if (parent.tryDepth == 0 && !curr->isReturn) {
+          parent.throws_ = true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
   };
 
 public:

src/ir/type-updating.cpp

@@ -324,6 +324,29 @@ void GlobalTypeRewriter::mapTypes(const TypeMap& oldToNewTypes) {
   for (auto& tag : wasm.tags) {
     tag->type = updater.getNew(tag->type);
   }
+
+  // Update indirect call effects per type.
+  // When A is rewritten to B, B inherits the effects of A and A loses its
+  // effects.
+  std::unordered_map<HeapType, std::shared_ptr<const EffectAnalyzer>>
+    newTypeEffects;
+  for (auto& [oldType, oldEffects] : wasm.typeEffects) {
+    if (!oldEffects) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    auto newType = updater.getNew(oldType);
+    std::shared_ptr<const EffectAnalyzer>& targetEffects =
+      newTypeEffects[newType];
+    if (!targetEffects) {
+      targetEffects = oldEffects;
+    } else {
+      auto merged = std::make_shared<EffectAnalyzer>(*targetEffects);
+      merged->mergeIn(*oldEffects);
+      targetEffects = merged;
+    }
+  }
+  wasm.typeEffects = std::move(newTypeEffects);
 }
 
 void GlobalTypeRewriter::mapTypeNamesAndIndices(const TypeMap& oldToNewTypes) {

src/passes/GlobalEffects.cpp

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "pass.h"
 #include "support/graph_traversal.h"
 #include "support/strongly_connected_components.h"
+#include "support/utilities.h"
 #include "wasm.h"
 
 namespace wasm {
@@ -225,10 +226,13 @@ void mergeMaybeEffects(std::optional<EffectAnalyzer>& dest,
 // - Merge all of the effects of functions within the CC
 // - Also merge the (already computed) effects of each callee CC
 // - Add trap effects for potentially recursive call chains
-void propagateEffects(const Module& module,
-                      const PassOptions& passOptions,
-                      std::map<Function*, FuncInfo>& funcInfos,
-                      const CallGraph& callGraph) {
+void propagateEffects(
+  const Module& module,
+  const PassOptions& passOptions,
+  std::map<Function*, FuncInfo>& funcInfos,
+  std::unordered_map<HeapType, std::shared_ptr<const EffectAnalyzer>>&
+    typeEffects,
+  const CallGraph& callGraph) {
   // We only care about Functions that are roots, not types.
   // A type would be a root if a function exists with that type, but no-one
   // indirect calls the type.
@@ -317,12 +321,21 @@ void propagateEffects(const Module& module,
     }
 
     // Assign each function's effects to its CC effects.
-    for (Function* f : ccFuncs) {
-      if (!ccEffects) {
-        funcInfos.at(f).effects = UnknownEffects;
-      } else {
-        funcInfos.at(f).effects.emplace(*ccEffects);
-      }
+    for (auto node : cc) {
+      std::visit(overloaded{[&](HeapType type) {
+                              if (ccEffects != UnknownEffects) {
+                                typeEffects[type] =
+                                  std::make_shared<EffectAnalyzer>(*ccEffects);
+                              }
+                            },
+                            [&](Function* f) {
+                              if (!ccEffects) {
+                                funcInfos.at(f).effects = UnknownEffects;
+                              } else {
+                                funcInfos.at(f).effects.emplace(*ccEffects);
+                              }
+                            }},
+                 node);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -346,7 +359,8 @@ struct GenerateGlobalEffects : public Pass {
     auto callGraph =
       buildCallGraph(*module, funcInfos, getPassOptions().closedWorld);
 
-    propagateEffects(*module, getPassOptions(), funcInfos, callGraph);
+    propagateEffects(
+      *module, getPassOptions(), funcInfos, module->typeEffects, callGraph);
 
     copyEffectsToFunctions(funcInfos);
   }

src/support/utilities.h

@@ -94,6 +94,17 @@ class Fatal {
 #define WASM_UNREACHABLE(msg) wasm::handle_unreachable()
 #endif
 
+// Helper to create an invocable with an overloaded operator(), for use with
+// std::visit e.g.
+// std::visit(
+//   overloaded{
+//     [](const A& a) { ... },
+//     [](const B& b) { ... }},
+//   variant)
+template<class... Ts> struct overloaded : Ts... {
+  using Ts::operator()...;
+};
+
 } // namespace wasm
 
 #endif // wasm_support_utilities_h

src/wasm.h

@@ -2722,6 +2722,22 @@ class Module {
   std::unordered_map<HeapType, TypeNames> typeNames;
   std::unordered_map<HeapType, Index> typeIndices;
 
+  // Potential effects for bodies of indirect calls to this type. Populated by
+  // GlobalEffects when --closed-world is enabled. e.g. when we have a call to
+  // HeapType $A and functions $foo and $bar have types that are subtypes of $A,
+  // then an indirect call to $A has effects equal to the union of $foo and $bar.
+  //
+  // When types are rewritten globally, the target type inherits the effects of
+  // source type (see type-updating.cpp). If the type of just one function is
+  // rewritten, we don't update this, because such a rewrite is only valid
+  // if the function is not the target of an indirect call (otherwise the
+  // indirect call would have to be rewritten too).
+  //
+  // TODO: Use Type instead of HeapType to account for nullability and
+  // exactness.
+  std::unordered_map<HeapType, std::shared_ptr<const EffectAnalyzer>>
+    typeEffects;
+
   MixedArena allocator;
 
 private: