dashpay · xdustinface · May 19, 2026
diff --git a/.codecov.yml b/.codecov.yml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 codecov:
   notify:
-    # Must match the number of coverage-uploading groups (core, spv, wallet, ffi, rpc)
-    after_n_builds: 5
+    # Must match the number of coverage-uploading groups (core, spv, wallet, rpc)
+    after_n_builds: 4
 
 coverage:
   status:
@@ -36,10 +36,6 @@ flags:
     paths:
       - key-wallet/src/
       - key-wallet-manager/src/
-  ffi:
-    paths:
-      - dash-spv-ffi/src/
-      - key-wallet-ffi/src/
   rpc:
     paths:
       - rpc-client/src/

diff --git a/.github/ci-groups.yml b/.github/ci-groups.yml
@@ -16,10 +16,6 @@ groups:
     - key-wallet
     - key-wallet-manager
 
-  ffi:
-    - dash-spv-ffi
-    - key-wallet-ffi
-
   rpc:
     - dashcore-rpc
     - dashcore-rpc-json

diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-and-test.yml b/.github/workflows/build-and-test.yml
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        group: ["core", "spv", "wallet", "ffi", "rpc"]
+        group: ["core", "spv", "wallet", "rpc"]
     env:
       RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
     steps:
@@ -49,14 +49,14 @@ jobs:
 
       # Set up dashd and test data for groups that need it
       - name: Cache dashd and test data
-        if: matrix.group == 'spv' || matrix.group == 'ffi'
+        if: matrix.group == 'spv'
         uses: actions/cache@v5
         with:
           path: .rust-dashcore-test
           key: rust-dashcore-test-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ env.DASHVERSION }}-${{ env.TEST_DATA_REPO }}-${{ env.TEST_DATA_VERSION }}
 
       - name: Setup dashd for integration tests
-        if: matrix.group == 'spv' || matrix.group == 'ffi'
+        if: matrix.group == 'spv'
         env:
           CACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.rust-dashcore-test
         shell: bash
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run tests
         id: tests
         env:
-          DASHD_TEST_RETAIN_DIR: ${{ (matrix.group == 'spv' || matrix.group == 'ffi') && format('{0}/dashd-test-logs', runner.temp) || '' }}
+          DASHD_TEST_RETAIN_DIR: ${{ matrix.group == 'spv' && format('{0}/dashd-test-logs', runner.temp) || '' }}
         run: >
           python .github/scripts/ci_config.py run-group ${{ matrix.group }}
           --os ${{ inputs.os }}
@@ -85,15 +85,10 @@ jobs:
           fail_ci_if_error: true
 
       - name: Upload failed dashd test logs
-        if: failure() && (matrix.group == 'spv' || matrix.group == 'ffi')
+        if: failure() && matrix.group == 'spv'
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: ${{ matrix.group }}-test-logs-${{ inputs.os }}
           path: ${{ runner.temp }}/dashd-test-logs/
           retention-days: 7
           if-no-files-found: ignore
-      - name: Validate headers
-        if: matrix.group == 'ffi' && inputs.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
-        run: |
-          sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y build-essential
-          bash ffi-c-tests/validate-headers.sh ./target/llvm-cov-target/debug/include
diff --git a/.github/workflows/sanitizer.yml b/.github/workflows/sanitizer.yml
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ on:
       - 'v**-dev'
   pull_request:
     paths:
-      - 'key-wallet-ffi/**'
-      - 'dash-spv-ffi/**'
       - 'dashcore/**'
       - 'dashcore_hashes/**'
       - 'key-wallet/**'
@@ -40,10 +38,6 @@ jobs:
           LSAN_OPTIONS: "fast_unwind_on_malloc=0"
           SKIP_DASHD_TESTS: 1
         run: |
-          # FFI crates (C interop)
-          cargo +nightly test -Zbuild-std --target x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu \
-            -p key-wallet-ffi -p dash-spv-ffi --lib --tests
-
           # Core crypto crates (unsafe optimizations)
           cargo +nightly test -Zbuild-std --target x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu \
             -p dashcore -p dashcore_hashes --lib --tests

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ coordination.md
 
 # Build artifacts
 **/*.rs.bk
-dash-spv-ffi/include/
-key-wallet-ffi/include/
 *.a
 *.so
 *.dylib

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -62,14 +62,6 @@ repos:
         types: [rust]
         pass_filenames: false
 
-      - id: verify-ffi
-        name: verify FFI
-        description: Verify FFI documentation is up to date
-        entry: contrib/verify_ffi.py
-        language: python
-        pass_filenames: false
-        files: ^(key-wallet-ffi|dash-spv-ffi)/.*\.(rs|toml|py)$
-
   # ============================================================================
   # SLOW CHECKS - Run on git push only.
   # ============================================================================

diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 # Repository Guidelines
 
 ## Project Structure & Module Organization
-- Workspace with crates: `dash`, `hashes`, `internals`, `dash-spv`, `key-wallet`, `rpc-*`, utilities (`fuzz`, `test-utils`), and FFI crates (`*-ffi`).
+- Workspace with crates: `dash`, `hashes`, `internals`, `dash-spv`, `key-wallet`, `rpc-*`, and utilities (`fuzz`, `test-utils`).
 - Each crate keeps sources in `src/`; unit tests live alongside code with `#[cfg(test)]`. Integration tests use `tests/` (e.g., `rpc-integration-test`).
-- FFI bindings are in `*-ffi`. Shared helpers in `internals/` and `test-utils/`.
+- Shared helpers in `internals/` and `test-utils/`.
 
 ## Build, Test, and Development Commands
 - MSRV: 1.89. Build all: `cargo build --workspace --all-features`
 - Test all: `cargo test --workspace --all-features` or `./contrib/test.sh` (set `DO_COV=true`, `DO_LINT=true`, `DO_FMT=true` as needed)
 - Targeted tests: `cargo test -p dash-spv --all-features`
-- FFI iOS builds: `cd key-wallet-ffi && ./build-ios.sh`
 - Lint/format: `cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets -- -D warnings` and `cargo fmt --all`
 - Docs: `cargo doc --workspace` (add `--open` locally)
 
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@
 - Prefer Conventional Commits: `feat:`, `fix:`, `refactor:`, `chore:`, `docs:`. Keep subject ≤72 chars with clear scope and rationale.
 - Target branches: feature work to `v**-dev` (development), hotfixes/docs to `master` unless directed otherwise.
 - Pre‑PR checks: `cargo fmt`, `cargo clippy`, `cargo test` (workspace). Update docs/CHANGELOG if user-facing.
-- Include in PRs: description, linked issues, test evidence (commands/output), and notes on features/FFI impacts.
+- Include in PRs: description, linked issues, test evidence (commands/output), and notes on feature impacts.
 
 ## Security & Configuration Tips
 - Not for consensus‑critical validation; do not rely on exact Dash Core consensus behavior.

diff --git a/CLAUDE.md b/CLAUDE.md
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ rust-dashcore is a Rust implementation of the Dash cryptocurrency protocol libra
 - Network protocol implementation
 - SPV (Simplified Payment Verification) client
 - HD wallet functionality (BIP32/BIP39/DIP9)
-- FFI bindings for C and Swift integration
 - JSON-RPC client for Dash Core nodes
 
 **IMPORTANT**: This library should NOT be used for consensus code. The exact behavior of the consensus-critical parts of Dash Core cannot be replicated without an exact copy of the C++ code.
@@ -24,11 +23,9 @@ rust-dashcore is a Rust implementation of the Dash cryptocurrency protocol libra
 
 ### SPV
 - `dash-spv/` - SPV client implementation
-- `dash-spv-ffi/` - C-compatible FFI bindings for SPV client
 
 ### Wallet & Keys
 - `key-wallet/` - Comprehensive HD wallet implementation with multi-account support, address pools, and transaction management (see key-wallet/CLAUDE.md for detailed architecture)
-- `key-wallet-ffi/` - C-compatible FFI bindings for wallet functionality
 
 ### RPC & Integration
 - `rpc-client/` - JSON-RPC client for Dash Core nodes
@@ -52,12 +49,6 @@ cargo build --release
 cargo build -p dash-spv
 ```
 
-### FFI Library Build
-```bash
-# Build iOS libraries for key-wallet-ffi
-cd key-wallet-ffi && ./build-ios.sh
-```
-
 ### iOS/macOS Targets
 ```bash
 # Add iOS targets
@@ -101,9 +92,9 @@ DO_FMT=true ./contrib/test.sh
 
 ### Integration Tests (dashd)
 
-The `dash-spv` and `dash-spv-ffi` crates include integration tests that run against a real `dashd` regtest node. These tests cover SPV sync, wallet operations, restarts, disconnections, and transactions.
+The `dash-spv` crate includes integration tests that run against a real `dashd` regtest node. These tests cover SPV sync, wallet operations, restarts, disconnections, and transactions.
 
-**Setup:** `contrib/setup-dashd.py` downloads the dashd binary and regtest blockchain test data, caching them in `~/.rust-dashcore-test/`. It outputs the required environment variables. Always run this before testing `dash-spv` or `dash-spv-ffi` — integration tests catch critical bugs (restart, resync, disconnection) that unit tests miss.
+**Setup:** `contrib/setup-dashd.py` downloads the dashd binary and regtest blockchain test data, caching them in `~/.rust-dashcore-test/`. It outputs the required environment variables. Always run this before testing `dash-spv`. Integration tests catch critical bugs (restart, resync, disconnection) that unit tests miss.
 
 ```bash
 eval $(python3 contrib/setup-dashd.py)
@@ -112,7 +103,6 @@ eval $(python3 contrib/setup-dashd.py)
 **Running:** Always run with integration tests enabled after setting up dashd. Do not use `SKIP_DASHD_TESTS=1`. Use `DASHD_TEST_RETAIN_DIR` so test logs are available for debugging failures.
 ```bash
 DASHD_TEST_RETAIN_DIR=/tmp/dashd-test-logs cargo test -p dash-spv
-DASHD_TEST_RETAIN_DIR=/tmp/dashd-test-logs cargo test -p dash-spv-ffi --test dashd_sync
 ```
 
 **Debugging:** When tests fail, check the retained logs at the path specified by `DASHD_TEST_RETAIN_DIR`. Each test creates a subdirectory with SPV logs (`spv/logs/run.log`) and dashd data.
@@ -121,9 +111,8 @@ DASHD_TEST_RETAIN_DIR=/tmp/dashd-test-logs cargo test -p dash-spv-ffi --test das
 
 **Key files:**
 - `dash-spv/tests/dashd_sync/` — test modules (basic, restart, disconnect, transaction)
-- `dash-spv-ffi/tests/dashd_sync/` — FFI test modules (basic, restart, transaction, callback)
 - `dash-spv/src/test_utils/` — shared infrastructure (`DashdTestContext`, `DashCoreNode`)
-- `.github/ci-groups.yml` — CI test group definitions (`spv` and `ffi` groups run dashd tests)
+- `.github/ci-groups.yml` — CI test group definitions (`spv` group runs dashd tests)
 
 ## Development Commands
 
@@ -162,7 +151,6 @@ cargo doc --open
 ### Architecture Highlights
 - **Workspace-based**: Multiple crates with clear separation of concerns
 - **Async/Await**: Modern async Rust throughout
-- **FFI Support**: C and Swift bindings for cross-platform usage
 - **Comprehensive Testing**: Unit, integration, and fuzz testing
 - **MSRV**: Rust 1.89 minimum supported version
 
@@ -172,7 +160,6 @@ cargo doc --open
 - **No Hardcoded Values**: Never hardcode network parameters, addresses, or keys
 - **Error Handling**: Use proper error types (thiserror) and propagate errors appropriately
 - **Async Code**: Use tokio runtime for async operations
-- **Memory Safety**: Careful handling in FFI boundaries
 - **Feature Flags**: Use conditional compilation for optional features
 
 ### Testing Requirements
@@ -188,7 +175,6 @@ cargo doc --open
 ## Current Status
 
 The project is actively developing:
-- FFI bindings improvements
 - Support for Dash Core versions 0.18.0 - 0.23.x
 
 ## Security Considerations
@@ -197,7 +183,6 @@ The project is actively developing:
 - Always validate inputs from untrusted sources
 - Use secure random number generation for keys
 - Never log or expose private keys
-- Be careful with FFI memory management
 
 ## API Stability
 
@@ -207,5 +192,4 @@ The API is currently unstable (version 0.x.x). Breaking changes may occur in min
 
 - Cannot replicate exact consensus behavior of Dash Core
 - Not suitable for mining or consensus validation
-- FFI bindings have limited error propagation
 - Some Dash Core RPC methods not yet implemented
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ changes to this document in a pull request.
 
 ## General
 
-We welcome contributions of all kinds: bug fixes, features, tests, docs, and reviews. This codebase powers Dash protocol libraries (networking, SPV, wallet, FFI). Changes must be reviewed with security and backward‑compatibility in mind.
+We welcome contributions of all kinds: bug fixes, features, tests, docs, and reviews. This codebase powers Dash protocol libraries (networking, SPV, wallet). Changes must be reviewed with security and backward‑compatibility in mind.
 
 
 ## Communication
@@ -110,8 +110,6 @@ That's it! Hooks run automatically from now on.
 
 **On git push** (~30-90 seconds additional):
 - `cargo clippy` — Strict linting on entire workspace
-- `verify-ffi-headers` — Ensures FFI C headers are up to date
-- `verify-ffi-docs` — Ensures FFI API documentation is current
 
 **Note:** CI runs the exact same checks, so passing locally = passing in CI.
 
@@ -179,7 +177,7 @@ Use Rust standards: `UpperCamelCase` for types/traits, `snake_case` for modules/
 
 ### Unsafe code
 
-Minimize `unsafe`. When required (especially across FFI boundaries), encapsulate it, document invariants, add tests, and consider Miri/sanitizers.
+Minimize `unsafe`. When required, encapsulate it, document invariants, add tests, and consider Miri/sanitizers.
 
 
 ## Security

diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [workspace]
-members = ["dash", "dash-network", "hashes", "internals", "fuzz", "rpc-client", "rpc-json", "rpc-integration-test", "key-wallet", "key-wallet-manager", "key-wallet-ffi", "dash-spv", "dash-spv-ffi", "dash-network-seeds", "masternode-seeds-fetcher"]
+members = ["dash", "dash-network", "hashes", "internals", "fuzz", "rpc-client", "rpc-json", "rpc-integration-test", "key-wallet", "key-wallet-manager", "dash-spv", "dash-network-seeds", "masternode-seeds-fetcher"]
 resolver = "2"
 
 [workspace.package]

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 | core | dashcore, dashcore_hashes, dashcore-private | [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/dashpay/rust-dashcore/graph/badge.svg?flag=core)](https://codecov.io/gh/dashpay/rust-dashcore?flags[0]=core) |
 | spv | dash-spv | [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/dashpay/rust-dashcore/graph/badge.svg?flag=spv)](https://codecov.io/gh/dashpay/rust-dashcore?flags[0]=spv) |
 | wallet | key-wallet | [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/dashpay/rust-dashcore/graph/badge.svg?flag=wallet)](https://codecov.io/gh/dashpay/rust-dashcore?flags[0]=wallet) |
-| ffi | dash-spv-ffi, key-wallet-ffi | [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/dashpay/rust-dashcore/graph/badge.svg?flag=ffi)](https://codecov.io/gh/dashpay/rust-dashcore?flags[0]=ffi) |
 | rpc | dashcore-rpc, dashcore-rpc-json | [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/dashpay/rust-dashcore/graph/badge.svg?flag=rpc)](https://codecov.io/gh/dashpay/rust-dashcore?flags[0]=rpc) |
 
 </details>
@@ -45,7 +44,6 @@ Supports (or should support)
 * PSBT creation, manipulation, merging and finalization
 * Pay-to-contract support as in Appendix A of the [Blockstream sidechains whitepaper](https://www.blockstream.com/sidechains.pdf)
 * JSONRPC interaction with Dash Core
-* FFI bindings for C/Swift integration (dash-spv-ffi, key-wallet-ffi)
 * High-level wallet management with transaction building and UTXO management
 
 # Known limitations
@@ -99,7 +97,6 @@ See `client/examples/` for more usage examples.
 This library provides comprehensive wallet functionality through multiple components:
 
 * **key-wallet**: Low-level cryptographic primitives for HD wallets, mnemonic generation, and key derivation; and high-level wallet management with transaction building, UTXO tracking, and coin selection
-* **key-wallet-ffi**: C/Swift FFI bindings for mobile integration
 * **dash-spv**: SPV (Simplified Payment Verification) client implementation
 
 # Supported Dash Core Versions

diff --git a/contrib/verify_ffi.py b/contrib/verify_ffi.py