diff --git a/src/relax/transform/reorder_permute_dims_after_concat.cc b/src/relax/transform/reorder_permute_dims_after_concat.cc
index bc542ccf91ef..01eadc37f376 100644
--- a/src/relax/transform/reorder_permute_dims_after_concat.cc
+++ b/src/relax/transform/reorder_permute_dims_after_concat.cc
@@ -151,8 +151,19 @@ std::tuple<DFPattern, ffi::TypedFunction<Expr(Expr, ffi::Map<DFPattern, Expr>)>>
     auto concat_attrs = concat_call->attrs.as<ConcatAttrs>();
     TVM_FFI_ICHECK(concat_attrs);
 
-    auto old_concat_axis = [&]() -> size_t { return concat_attrs->axis.value_or(0); }();
-    Integer new_concat_axis = get_permute_dims_axes(all_permute_dims[0])[old_concat_axis];
+    auto permute_dims_axes = get_permute_dims_axes(all_permute_dims[0]);
+
+    int64_t old_concat_axis = concat_attrs->axis.value_or(0);
+    int64_t ndim = static_cast<int64_t>(permute_dims_axes.size());
+    if (old_concat_axis < 0) {
+      old_concat_axis += ndim;
+    }
+    TVM_FFI_ICHECK_GE(old_concat_axis, 0)
+        << "concat axis " << old_concat_axis << " out of range for " << ndim << "-D input";
+    TVM_FFI_ICHECK_LT(old_concat_axis, ndim)
+        << "concat axis " << old_concat_axis << " out of range for " << ndim << "-D input";
+
+    Integer new_concat_axis = permute_dims_axes[static_cast<size_t>(old_concat_axis)];
 
     auto new_concat = concat(Tuple(args), new_concat_axis->value);
     auto new_permute_dims = permute_dims(new_concat, permute_axes);
diff --git a/tests/python/relax/test_transform_reorder_permute_dims_after_concat.py b/tests/python/relax/test_transform_reorder_permute_dims_after_concat.py
index f93daa4c1e00..2da6cfcda99b 100644
--- a/tests/python/relax/test_transform_reorder_permute_dims_after_concat.py
+++ b/tests/python/relax/test_transform_reorder_permute_dims_after_concat.py
@@ -261,5 +261,34 @@ def main(
             return out
 
 
+class TestNegativeConcatAxis(Base):
+    @I.ir_module
+    class Before:
+        @R.function
+        def main(
+            x: R.Tensor([1, 4, 8, 8], "float32"),
+            y: R.Tensor([1, 4, 8, 8], "float32"),
+        ):
+            with R.dataflow():
+                xt = R.permute_dims(x, axes=[0, 2, 3, 1])
+                yt = R.permute_dims(y, axes=[0, 2, 3, 1])
+                out = R.concat([xt, yt], axis=-1)
+                R.output(out)
+            return out
+
+    @I.ir_module
+    class Expected:
+        @R.function
+        def main(
+            x: R.Tensor([1, 4, 8, 8], "float32"),
+            y: R.Tensor([1, 4, 8, 8], "float32"),
+        ):
+            with R.dataflow():
+                merged = R.concat([x, y], axis=1)
+                out = R.permute_dims(merged, axes=[0, 2, 3, 1])
+                R.output(out)
+            return out
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     tvm.testing.main()